GIFT

ABSTRACT
Abstract: Over the past two decades, the use of agent-based technology within simulated training environments has increased. Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) technology may include reactive or proactive simulation agents that monitor and support computer-based training without human tutors. Reactive agents are able to provide hints and feedback on trainee performance within static scenarios. Based on the trainee’s competency and their progress toward training objectives, proactive ITS use computational methods in real-time to decide when to change content, complexity and/or instructional methods within a training scenario (Niehaus & Riedl, 2009). This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of reactive and proactive agents in computer-based tutoring systems; and discusses design considerations for the use of reactive and proactive agents in training simulations.

Brawner, K. W., Holden, H. K., Goldberg, B. S., & Sottilare, R. (2011). Understanding the Impact of Intelligent Tutoring Agents on Real-Time Training Simulations. ARMY RESEARCH LAB ORLANDO FL HUMAN RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE.